Table 1 Sources of pharmacy data
From: Integrating historical clinical and financial data for pharmacological research
Financial | Historical Clinical | Current Clinical | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type | 1993 to 2010 | 2010 to date | 1993 to 1999 | 1999 to 2003 | 2003 to date | 1995 to date | |
EHR/Financial System | Allegra | Epic for Business | OACIS | e-Chart | Cerner Millennium Inpatient | EpicCare Ambulatory | |
Pharmacy Module | - | - | MS Meds | PharmNet, CPOE | CPOE | ||
Automated pharmacy charges | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
Manual pharmacy charges | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Pharmacy data in the EDW | 1999 onwards | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Metadata | Financial (charge codes) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Dispensing (dispense codes) | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
Vocabularies | NDC [32] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Multum [30] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
MediSpan [31] | ✓ | ||||||