Table 2 Input Parameters for Asthma Medication Model

Probability of Asthma Medication Use

80%

70% (90%)

[37, 95, 96, 99]

Probability of Exacerbation not requiring ER visit or Admission

With Medication = 0.27

W/O Medication = 0.53

Same as 80%

[32, 95, 98]

Probability of Exacerbation Requiring ER Visit, not Admission

With Medication = 0.0382

W/O Medication = 0.0756

Same as 80%

[95, 98, 102–104]

Probability of Exacerbation Requiring Admission

With Medication = 0.0035

W/O Medication = 0.0069

Same as 80%

[49, 101]

Probability of Medication use Following Exacerbation

With Medication

- no ER visit or Admission = 0.96

- ER visit, no Admission = 0.99

- Admission = 0.99

With Medication

- no ER visit or Admission = 0.97 (0.99)

- ER visit, no Admission = 0.99 (0.99)

- Admission = 0.99 (0.99)

Authors' values, constrained by requirement that overall medication use be constant over entire simulation

W/O Medication

- no ER visit or Admission = 0.25

- ER visit, no Admission = 0.30

- Admission = 0.30

W/O Medication

- no ER visit or Admission = 0.15 (0.4)

- ER visit, no Admission = 0.25 (0.45)

- Admission = 0.25 (0.45)

Probability of Medication Use Following Month of No Exacerbation

With Medication = 0.96

W/O Medication = 0.01

With Medication = 0.95 (0.965)

W/O Medication = 0.01

Authors' values, constrained by requirement that overall medication use be constant over entire simulation

Probability of Death from Other Causes

0.0001

Same as 80%

State Values

Utility of Month without Exacerbation

With Medication = 0.0748

W/O Medication = 0.0756

[49]

Utility of Exacerbation not requiring ER visit or Admission

With Medication = 0.0706

W/O Medication = 0.0712

[49]

Utility of Exacerbation requiring ER visit, no Admission

With Medication = 0.0698

W/O Medication = 0.0704

[49]

Utility of Exacerbation requiring Admission

With Medication = 0.0649

W/O Medication = 0.0654

[49]

Days Missed per month from Work or School from Exacerbation not requiring ER visit or Admission

3 days

[95, 98]

Days Missed from Work or School from Exacerbation requiring ER visit, no Admission

4 days

[95, 98]

Days Missed from Work or School from Exacerbation requiring Admission

7 days

[33, 98]

Cost of Doctor Office Visit for Exacerbation

$155.44

[105], authors' calculation

Cost of ER Visit

$1,080.00

[105], authors' calculation

Cost of Admission

$13,512.00

[105], authors' calculation

Cost of Monthly Asthma Medications

$112.00

[50]

Hourly Wage for Time Missed from Work

$21.31

Department of Labor, May 2007 [46]