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Table 2 Absolute frequencies, outcome prevalences, exposure prevalences, crude and pooled prevalence ratio (PR) estimates, and relative confounding for the analysis of the modified data using underweight (weight for age Z-score < - 2) as the outcome, previous hospitalization as the risk factor and low birth weight as confounder (situation 1 modified).

From: Alternatives for logistic regression in cross-sectional studies: an empirical comparison of models that directly estimate the prevalence ratio

First stratum: Normal birth weight

 

Underweight

Normal

All

 
 

N

Prev.

N

N

Exp. prev. = 19.2%

Ever in hospital

8

4.7%

163

171

PR = 2.40

Never

14

1.9%

704

718

M-H weight = 2.69

All

22

2.5%

867

889

 

Second stratum: Low birth weight

 

Underweight

Normal

All

 
 

N

Prev.

N

N

Exp. prev. = 31.1%

Ever in hospital

22

18.5%

97

119

PR = 2.71

Never

18

6.8%

246

264

M-H weight = 5.59

All

40

10.4%

343

383

 

Combined strata: Normal and low birth weight

 

Underweight

Normal

All

Exp. prev. = 22.8%

 

N

Prev.

N

N

PR (crude) = 3.17

Ever in hospital

30

10.3%

260

290

PR (M-H) = 2.61

Never

32

3.3%

950

982

Confounding = -17.8%

All

62

4.9%

1210

1272

P-value(het)*= 0.8

  1. * P-value for testing heterogeneity of the prevalence ratios across strata.