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Table 2 Risk factors for 30-day mortality: odds ratios by the single-level and the multilevel logistic model

From: Use of hierarchical models to evaluate performance of cardiac surgery centres in the Italian CABG outcome study

 

Single-level logistic model

Multilevel logistic model

Patient Risk Factors

Odds Ratio

95% CI

Odds Ratio

95% CI

Age

0.96

0.87 – 1.05

0.95

0.87 – 1.04

Age 2

1.00

1.00 – 1.00

1.00

1.00 – 1.00

Gender (fem)

1.29

1.09 – 1.52

1.25

1.06 – 1.48

Shock

3.44

2.48 – 4.78

4.02

2.85 – 5.68

Diabetes

1.35

1.16 – 1.58

1.32

1.13 – 1.54

Dialysis

3.41

2.36 – 4.93

3.29

2.27 – 4.79

Pulmonary hypertension

2.26

1.16 – 4.40

1.90

0.97 – 3.73

Malignant ventricular arrhythmia

1.46

1.01 – 2.12

1.44

0.98 – 2.13

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1.52

1.26 – 1.84

1.51

1.24 – 1.84

Serum creatinine>2 mg/dl

2.08

1.63 – 2.65

2.38

1.85 – 3.05

Extra-cardiac arteriopathy

1.72

1.48 – 2.01

1.89

1.61 – 2.21

Unstable angina

1.53

1.31 – 1.79

1.58

1.34 – 1.86

Previous CABG

2.86

2.10 – 3.89

3.21

2.34 – 4.41

Emergency

3.89

3.12 – 4.85

4.19

3.31 – 5.29

Ejection fraction (vs ≥ 50)

    

30–49

1.80

1.54 – 2.10

1.83

1.56 – 2.14

<30

3.14

2.35 – 4.20

3.56

2.65 – 4.78

missing

1.36

0.75 – 2.45

1.41

0.74 – 2.67