Table 2 Inclusion frequencies and average rank per indicator selected by the four methods (MI = multiple imputations, B = bootstrap, M100+B = 100 imputations+bootstap, MI10+B = 10 imputations+bootstrap)
From: Variable selection under multiple imputation using the bootstrap in a prognostic study
| Â | Method | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | MI†| B†| MI100+B†| MI10+B†| MI10 + B‡ | |||||
| Â | % | rank | % | rank | % | rank | % | rank | % | rank |
Level of functional status at 3 months | 100.0 | 1 | 100.0 | 1 | 99.4 | 1 | 99.5 | 1 | 88.0 | 3 |
Change in pain intensity | 100.0 | 2 | 100.0 | 2 | 99.3 | 2 | 98.5 | 2 | 99.1 | 1 |
Pain at baseline | 100.0 | 3 | 90.2 | 6 | 96.2 | 3 | 95.7 | 3 | 97.7 | 2 |
Physical activity | 95.0 | 4 | 99.4 | 3 | 85.7 | 4 | 91.2 | 4 | 61.3 | 5 |
Vibration tools | 90.0 | 5 | 94.2 | 4 | 81.0 | 5 | 80.9 | 5 | 43.7 | 13 |
Whole body vibration | 88.0 | 6 | 71.0 | 12 | 77.2 | 7 | 79.6 | 6 | 50.2 | 4 |
Sitting | 86.0 | 7 | 75.6 | 10 | 76.5 | 9 | 75.7 | 9 | 50.2 | 9 |
Job demands | 81.0 | 8 | 65.6 | 16 | 77.7 | 6 | 79.0 | 7 | 52.2 | 8 |
Passive pain coping | 77.0 | 9 | 51.8 | 30 | 71.8 | 11 | 72.5 | 11 | 41.1 | 15 |
Duration of complaints | 70.0 | 10 | 71.2 | 11 | 76.5 | 8 | 77.4 | 8 | 35.9 | 19 |
Body mass index | 63.0 | 11 | 90.8 | 5 | 66.1 | 13 | 69.0 | 14 | 39.2 | 16 |
Treatment during enrollment | 62.0 | 12 | 85.8 | 7 | 75.5 | 10 | 75.5 | 10 | 46.2 | 11 |
Pain radiation | 61.0 | 13 | 85.8 | 8 | 68.2 | 12 | 69.4 | 12 | 31.6 | 21 |
Working with hands under knee level | 59.0 | 14 | 76.8 | 9 | 65.9 | 15 | 68.1 | 15 | 31.2 | 22 |
Education level | 57.0 | 15 | 66.0 | 15 | 65.7 | 14 | 65.1 | 16 | 32.1 | 20 |
Job control | 53.0 | 16 | 64.2 | 17 | 65.4 | 16 | 69.1 | 13 | 36.9 | 18 |
Quality of life | 51.0 | 17 | 51.8 | 31 | 62.5 | 21 | 60.8 | 23 | 24.9 | 26 |
Bending and twisting of the trunk | 50.0 | 18 | 56.8 | 22 | 64.6 | 17 | 62.9 | 17 | 45.9 | 12 |
Age | 48.0 | 19 | 68.4 | 13 | 62.2 | 22 | 57.5 | 29 | 23.0 | 29 |
Lifting | 48.0 | 20 | 66.6 | 14 | 61.4 | 24 | 60.4 | 25 | 41.8 | 14 |
Fear avoidance beliefs | 48.0 | 21 | 55.8 | 26 | 63.3 | 19 | 61.8 | 21 | 25.4 | 25 |
Change in functional status | 44.0 | 22 | 52.0 | 29 | 63.4 | 18 | 59.9 | 26 | 55.9 | 6 |
Kinesiophobia | 43.0 | 23 | 52.8 | 28 | 63.2 | 20 | 60.4 | 24 | 22.6 | 30 |
Gender | 42.0 | 24 | 56.2 | 24 | 61.5 | 23 | 61.5 | 20 | 24.6 | 27 |
Social support | 41.0 | 25 | 56.0 | 25 | 60.0 | 26 | 62.8 | 18 | 27.9 | 24 |
Self-predicted certainty at 6 months | 35.0 | 26 | 61.6 | 18 | 60.9 | 25 | 62.5 | 19 | 28.1 | 23 |
Active pain coping | 32.0 | 27 | 54.4 | 27 | 59.9 | 27 | 58.6 | 28 | 23.5 | 28 |
Functional status at baseline | 31.0 | 28 | 58.0 | 21 | 59.1 | 28 | 57.0 | 30 | 46.8 | 10 |
Stooping | 30.0 | 29 | 58.8 | 19 | 57.7 | 30 | 59.4 | 27 | 53.0 | 7 |
Job satisfaction | 29.0 | 30 | 58.4 | 20 | 58.2 | 29 | 60.9 | 22 | 37.7 | 17 |
Work absence at baseline | 27.0 | 31 | 56.8 | 23 | 57.1 | 31 | 55.1 | 31 | 19.2 | 31 |