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Table 3 Standardized mean differences (SMD) for changes from baseline grouped by acute or chronic condition.

From: Spontaneous improvement in randomised clinical trials: meta-analysis of three-armed trials comparing no treatment, placebo and active intervention

 

No. of treatment arms

SMD (95% confidence Interval)

I2 (%)

No treatment

   

Acute

10

-0.56 (-0.85 to -0.26)

41

Chronic

27

-0.24 (-0.33 to -0.14)

0

Placebo

   

Acute

10

-0.65 (-1.03 to -0.27)

65

Chronic

27

-0.37(-0.55 to -0.19)

54

Active treatment

   

Acute

10

-1.63 (-2.11 to -1.15)

73

Chronic

42

-0.88 (-1.03 to -0.74)

45