From: COVID-19-related medical research: a meta-research and critical appraisal
Type of original article studies involving patients | Number of studies (%) | Number of patients Median (IQR) | Number of studies at risk of bias (%) | Patient consent | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | Intermediate | High | Written informed consent N (%) | Oral consent N (%) | Open data N (%) | No consent N (%) | |||
Case-control | 68 (9.5) | 108 (62–211) | 11 (16.2) | 25 (36.7) | 32 (47.1) | 22 (32.4) | 2 (2.9) | 2 (2.9) | 42 (61.8) |
Cohort | 50 (7.0) | 110 (54–327) | 7 (14.0) | 20 (40.0) | 23 (46.0) | 15 (30.0) | 1 (2.0) | 4 (8.0) | 30 (60.0) |
Cross-sectional | 306 (42.9) | 217 (80–730) | 10 (3.3) | 43 (14.0) | 253 (82.7) | 89 (29.1) | 18 (5.9) | 75 (24.5) | 112 (40.5) |
Case series | 129 (18.1) | 18 (9–53) | 9 (6.9) | 26 (20.2) | 94 (72.9) | 24 (18.6) | 15 (11.6) | 3 (2.3) | 87 (67.4) |
Diagnostic | 37 (5.2) | 84 (49–215) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 37 (100.0) | 3 (8.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 34 (91.9) |
Prognostic | 8 (1.1) | 143 (66–217) | 3 (37.5) | 1 (12.5) | 4 (50.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 8 (100.0) |
Simulation | 185 (25.9) | 1428 (14–40,696) | 16 (8.6) | 47 (25.4) | 122 (66.0) | 3 (1.6) | 1 (0.5) | 131 (70.8) | 50 (27.0) |
Non-randomized trial | 8 (1.1) | 35 (29–58) | 1 (12.5) | 1 (12.5) | 6 (75.0) | 4 (50.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (50.0) |
Randomized controlled trial | 4 (0.6) | 56 (29–111) | 0 (0) | 2 (50.0) | 2 (50.0) | 2 (50.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (50.0) |