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Table 1 Non–modifiable risk factors

From: Analytical challenges in estimating the effect of exposures that are bounded by follow-up time: experiences from the Blood Stream Infection—Focus on Outcomes study

Type

Factors

Organisational

Centre (5 centres)

Admission from nursing- or care home

Length of prior in-patient stay (days)

Speciality of consultant on day 0a

Organism / infection

Organism identity (target organism group): 6 categories (ESBL producer, non-ESBL producing E.coli, MRSA, MSSA, P. aeruginosa and Candida)

Source of infection (CDC criteria)

Patient measures

Age

Gender

Height (cm)

Weight (kg)

Patient medical history (up to date 0)

Leukaemia within 5 years before date 0

Lymphoma within 5 years before date 0

Solid tumour within 5 years before date 0

Any other (second) tumour within 5 years before date 0

Chemotherapy in month before date 0

Surgery requiring overnight stay within 7 days before date 0

Burn requiring hospital admission within 7 days before date 0

Cardiac arrest within 7 days before date 0

Myocardial infarction, symptomatic within 7 days before date 0

Renal support within 7 days before date 0

Patient comorbidities ongoing at date 0

Disease markers

Ascites

Diabetes without organ damage

Diabetes with organ damage

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Congestive heart failure

Connective tissue disease

Cerebrovascular disease

Dementia

Hemiplegia

Peptic ulcer disease

Peripheral vascular disease

Potentially removable sources of infection

Abscess at time 0

Infected foreign body (non-surgical) at time 0

Infected prosthesis or similar surgical item at time 0

Infection severity measures at or nearest before time 0

Signs

Mental Disorientation (scale 0–4) at time 0

Temperature (°C) at time 0

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) at time 0

Early warning score at time 0

Blood tests

INRb at day0, or nearest within 7 days before

eGFRc (mL/min/1.73 m2) at day 0, or nearest within 7 days before

Serum albumin (g/L) at day0, or nearest within 7 days before

Bilirubin (total, micromol/L) at day0, or nearest within 7 days before

Neutrophil count (× 109/L) at day 0, or nearest within 7 days before

Interventions

Receiving intravenous fluids on day 0, at or before time 0

Receiving artificial ventilation on day 0, at or before time 0

Receiving vasopressor drugs on day 0, at or before time 0

Received systemic corticosteroids in 24 h before time 0

  1. a Speciality of consultant on day 0 was not included as a potential covariate in modelling as it was correlated with day 0 ward speciality, which was of more interest. bINR international normalised ratio ceGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate