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  1. There is little published guidance as to the sample size required for a pilot or feasibility trial despite the fact that a sample size justification is a key element in the design of a trial. A sample size jus...

    Authors: Sophie AM Billingham, Amy L Whitehead and Steven A Julious
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:104
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. The rationale for commissioning community pulmonary rehabilitation programmes is based on evidence from randomised clinical trials. However, there are a number of reasons why similar programmes might be less e...

    Authors: Elizabeth C Goyder, Mark Strong, Angela Green, Michael W Holmes, Gail Miles, Orla Reddington, Rod Lawson, Andrew Lee and Gurnam Basran
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:103
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Whereas the prognosis of second kidney transplant recipients (STR) compared to the first ones has been frequently analyzed, no study has addressed the issue of comparing the risk factor effects on graft failur...

    Authors: Katy Trébern-Launay, Magali Giral, Jacques Dantal and Yohann Foucher
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:102
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. The counterfactual approach provides a clear and coherent framework to think about a variety of important concepts related to causation. Meanwhile, directed acyclic graphs have been used as causal diagrams in ...

    Authors: Etsuji Suzuki, Toshiharu Mitsuhashi, Toshihide Tsuda and Eiji Yamamoto
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:101
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Many researchers favor repeated measures designs because they allow the detection of within-person change over time and typically have higher statistical power than cross-sectional designs. However, the pletho...

    Authors: Yi Guo, Henrietta L Logan, Deborah H Glueck and Keith E Muller
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:100
    Content type: Correspondence Published on:

  7. The surge in biomarker development calls for research on statistical evaluation methodology to rigorously assess emerging biomarkers and classification models. Recently, several authors reported the puzzling o...

    Authors: Weijie Chen, Frank W Samuelson, Brandon D Gallas, Le Kang, Berkman Sahiner and Nicholas Petrick
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:98
    Content type: Debate Published on:

  8. When assessing the concordance between two methods of measurement of ordinal categorical data, summary measures such as Cohen’s (1960) kappa or Bangdiwala’s (1985) B-statistic are used. However, a picture conveys...

    Authors: Shrikant I Bangdiwala and Viswanathan Shankar
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:97
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  9. Cognitive mapping is a participatory research methodology that documents, in visual form, a construct of the local environment in which people live and work. We adapted this method to provide detailed data abo...

    Authors: Jonathan Stadler, Charles Dugmore, Emilie Venables, Catherine MacPhail and Sinead Delany-Moretlwe
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:96
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. In longitudinal studies where subjects experience recurrent incidents over a period of time, such as respiratory infections, fever or diarrhea, statistical methods are required to take into account the within-...

    Authors: Rodrigo Villegas, Olga Julià and Jordi Ocaña
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:95
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Respondent driven sampling (RDS) was designed for sampling “hidden” populations and intended as a means of generating unbiased population estimates. Its widespread use has been accompanied by increasing scruti...

    Authors: John L Wylie and Ann M Jolly
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:93
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Sensitivity analyses play a crucial role in assessing the robustness of the findings or conclusions based on primary analyses of data in clinical trials. They are a critical way to assess the impact, effect or...

    Authors: Lehana Thabane, Lawrence Mbuagbaw, Shiyuan Zhang, Zainab Samaan, Maura Marcucci, Chenglin Ye, Marroon Thabane, Lora Giangregorio, Brittany Dennis, Daisy Kosa, Victoria Borg Debono, Rejane Dillenburg, Vincent Fruci, Monica Bawor, Juneyoung Lee, George Wells…
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:92
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  14. Statistical methods that use the mid-p approach are useful tools to analyze categorical data, particularly for small and moderate sample sizes. Mid-p tests strike a balance between overly conservative exact metho...

    Authors: Morten W Fagerland, Stian Lydersen and Petter Laake
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:91
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Longitudinal cohort studies are highly valued in epidemiologic research for their ability to establish exposure-disease associations through known temporal sequences. A major challenge in cohort studies is rec...

    Authors: Jaime L Horton, Isabel G Jacobson, Alyson J Littman, John E Alcaraz, Besa Smith and Nancy F Crum-Cianflone
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:90
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. An inverse relationship between experience and risk of injury has been observed in many occupations. Due to statistical challenges, however, it has been difficult to characterize the role of experience on the ...

    Authors: Jessica Kubo, Mark R Cullen, Linda Cantley, Martin Slade, Baylah Tessier-Sherman, Oyebode Taiwo and Manisha Desai
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:89
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Case-cohort studies have become common in epidemiological studies of rare disease, with Cox regression models the principal method used in their analysis. However, no appropriate procedures to assess the assum...

    Authors: Xiaonan Xue, Xianhong Xie, Marc Gunter, Thomas E Rohan, Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, Gloria YF Ho, Dominic Cirillo, Herbert Yu and Howard D Strickler
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:88
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. As there are limited patients for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia trials, it is important that statistical methodologies in Phase II efficiently select regimens for subsequent evaluation in larger-scale Phase II...

    Authors: Christina Yap, Andrew Pettitt and Lucinda Billingham
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:87
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. PubMed translations of OvidSP Medline search filters offer searchers improved ease of access. They may also facilitate access to PubMed’s unique content, including citations for the most recently published bio...

    Authors: Raechel A Damarell, Jennifer J Tieman and Ruth M Sladek
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:86
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. This study proposes a new approach for investigating bias in self-reported data on height and weight among adolescents by studying the relevance of participants’ self-reported response capability. The objectiv...

    Authors: Mette Rasmussen, Bjørn E Holstein, Ole Melkevik and Mogens Trab Damsgaard
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:85
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. The use of teams is a well-known approach in a variety of settings, including health care, in both developed and developing countries. Team performance is comprised of teamwork and task work, and ascertaining ...

    Authors: Kojo Yeboah-Antwi, Gail Snetro-Plewman, Karen Z Waltensperger, Davidson H Hamer, Chilobe Kambikambi, William MacLeod, Stephen Filumba, Bias Sichamba and David Marsh
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:84
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. In medical practice many, essentially continuous, clinical parameters tend to be categorised by physicians for ease of decision-making. Indeed, categorisation is a common practice both in medical research and ...

    Authors: Irantzu Barrio, Inmaculada Arostegui, José M Quintana and IRYSS-COPD Group
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:83
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. To compare the results of a new-user cohort study design and the self-controlled case series (SCCS) design using the risk of hospitalisation for pneumonia in those dispensed proton pump inhibitors compared to ...

    Authors: Emmae N Ramsay, Nicole L Pratt, Philip Ryan and Elizabeth E Roughead
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:82
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Studying the effects of medications on endpoints in an observational setting is an important yet challenging problem due to confounding by indication. The purpose of this study is to describe methodology for e...

    Authors: Neal W Jorgensen, Christopher T Sibley and Robyn L McClelland
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:81
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. The aim of this article is to propose several methods that allow to investigate how and whether the shape of the hazard ratio after an intermediate event depends on the waiting time to occurrence of this event...

    Authors: Carolina Meier-Hirmer and Martin Schumacher
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:80
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. The inclusion of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reported in conference abstracts in systematic reviews is controversial, partly because study design information and risk of bias is often not fully reporte...

    Authors: Roberta W Scherer, Lynn Huynh, Ann-Margret Ervin, Jakeisha Taylor and Kay Dickersin
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:79
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Conducting a pilot trial is important in preparing for, and justifying investment in, the ensuing larger trial. Pilot trials using the same design and methods as the subsequent main trial are ethically and fin...

    Authors: Georgina Charlesworth, Karen Burnell, Juanita Hoe, Martin Orrell and Ian Russell
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:78
    Content type: Correspondence Published on:

  28. Drug interactions can have a significant impact on the response to combinatorial therapy for anticancer treatment. In some instances these interactions can be anticipated based on pre-clinical models. However,...

    Authors: Wenfeng Kang, Robert S DiPaola and Alexei Vazquez
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:77
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. In statistical modeling, finding the most favorable coding for an exploratory quantitative variable involves many tests. This process involves multiple testing problems and requires the correction of the signi...

    Authors: Benoit Liquet and Jérémie Riou
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:75
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Peer review is the major method used by biomedical journals for making the decision of publishing an article. This cross-sectional survey assesses views concerning the review system of biomedical journals amon...

    Authors: Roger Chun-Man Ho, Kwok-Kei Mak, Ren Tao, Yanxia Lu, Jeffrey R Day and Fang Pan
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:74
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. IVF treatments for infertility involve the transfer of multiple embryos in any one treatment cycle. When data is available on individual embryos the outcomes of each embryo are only partially observed, as trea...

    Authors: Christos Stylianou, Andrew Pickles and Stephen A Roberts
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:73
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Opt-in consent is usually required for research, but is known to introduce selection bias. This is a particular problem for large scale epidemiological studies using only pre-collected health data. Most previo...

    Authors: Elizabeth M Hill, Emma L Turner, Richard M Martin and Jenny L Donovan
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:72
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Non-inferiority (NI) trials in drug research are used to demonstrate that a new treatment is not less effective than an active comparator. Since phase IV trials typically aim at informing a clinical decision, ...

    Authors: Rosemarie DLC Bernabe, Grace Wangge, Mirjam J Knol, Olaf H Klungel, Johannes JM van Delden, Anthonius de Boer, Arno W Hoes, Jan AM Raaijmakers and Ghislaine JMW van Thiel
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:70
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Healthcare delivery is largely accomplished in and through conversations between people, and healthcare quality and effectiveness depend enormously upon the communication practices employed within these conver...

    Authors: Ruth H Parry and Victoria Land
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:69
    Content type: Correspondence Published on:

  37. Administrative databases and cancer registries are frequently used to conduct population-based research, but often lack clinical data necessary for risk stratification. Our objective was to determine the crite...

    Authors: Sumit Gupta, Jason D Pole, Astrid Guttmann and Lillian Sung
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:68
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. The ability to accurately forecast census counts in hospital departments has considerable implications for hospital resource allocation. In recent years several different methods have been proposed forecasting...

    Authors: Devin C Koestler, Hernando Ombao and Jesse Bender
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:67
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Statistical process control (SPC), an industrial sphere initiative, has recently been applied in health care and public health surveillance. SPC methods assume independent observations and process autocorrelat...

    Authors: John L Moran and Patricia J Solomon
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:66
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. In medical informatics, psychology, market research and many other fields, researchers often need to analyze and model ranking data. However, there is no statistical software that provides tools for the compre...

    Authors: Paul H Lee and Philip LH Yu
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:65
    Content type: Software Published on:

  41. The Pathobiology of Prediabetes in A Biracial Cohort study is a prospective evaluation of the transition from normal to impaired glucose regulation among African American and Caucasian adults with parental typ...

    Authors: Sotonte Ebenibo, Chimaroke Edeoga, Ann Ammons, Nonso Egbuonu and Samuel Dagogo-Jack
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:64
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. The quality of a consultation provided by a physician can have a profound impact on the quality of care and patient engagement in treatment decisions. When the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) was developed, one of ...

    Authors: Kevin Gruffydd-Jones, Helen Marsden, Steve Holmes, Peter Kardos, Roger Escamilla, Roberto Dal Negro, June Roberts, Gilbert Nadeau, David Leather and Paul Jones
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:63
    Content type: Correspondence Published on:

  43. To optimize the planning of blood donations but also to continue motivating the volunteers it is important to streamline the practical organization of the timing of donations. While donors are asked to return ...

    Authors: Kazem Nasserinejad, Wim de Kort, Mireille Baart, Arnošt Komárek, Joost van Rosmalen and Emmanuel Lesaffre
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:62
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Rater agreement is important in clinical research, and Cohen’s Kappa is a widely used method for assessing inter-rater reliability; however, there are well documented statistical problems associated with the m...

    Authors: Nahathai Wongpakaran, Tinakon Wongpakaran, Danny Wedding and Kilem L Gwet
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:61
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Models of hepatitis C virus (HCV) kinetics are increasingly used to estimate and to compare in vivo drug’s antiviral effectiveness of new potent anti-HCV agents. Viral kinetic parameters can be estimated using no...

    Authors: Cédric Laouénan, Jeremie Guedj and France Mentré
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:60
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. The study describes the methodological challenges encountered in an observational study estimating the effectiveness of colonoscopy in reducing colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality.

    Authors: Binu J Jacob, Rinku Sutradhar, Rahim Moineddin, Nancy N Baxter and David R Urbach
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:59
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Using covariance or mean estimates from previous data introduces randomness into each power value in a power curve. Creating confidence intervals about the power estimates improves study planning by allowing s...

    Authors: Matthew J Gribbin, Yueh-Yun Chi, Paul W Stewart and Keith E Muller
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:57
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Birth cohort studies, where parents consent for their child to be enrolled in a longitudinal study prior to or soon after birth, are a powerful study design in epidemiology and developmental research. Particip...

    Authors: Patricia J Lucas, Debra Allnock and Tricia Jessiman
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:56
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. The role of the clinical nurse/midwife specialist and advanced nurse/midwife practitioner is complex not least because of the diversity in how the roles are operationalised across health settings and within mu...

    Authors: Joan G Lalor, Dympna Casey, Naomi Elliott, Imelda Coyne, Catherine Comiskey, Agnes Higgins, Kathy Murphy, Declan Devane and Cecily Begley
    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2013 13:55
    Content type: Research article Published on:
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BMC Medical Research Methodology

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