From: The impact of imprecisely measured covariates on estimating gene-environment interactions
Coefficient for true effect of confounder (β 4) | Correlation between true value of confounder and exposure | 2 (sd of estimate) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | σ v 2 = 0 | σ v 2 = 1 | σ v 2 = 2 | σ v 2 = 4 | σ v 2 = 9 |
1.0 | 0.2 | 1.001 (0.073) | 1.103 (0.076) | 1.136 (0.077) | 1.162 (0.078) | 1.182 (0.079) |
 | 0.5 | 1.001 (0.081) | 1.287 (0.079) | 1.365 (0.079) | 1.422 (0.078) | 1.463 (0.078) |
 | -0.5 | 1.000 (0.080) | 0.715 (0.079) | 0.637 (0.079) | 0.580 (0.078) | 0.539 (0.078) |
-1.0 | 0.2 | 1.001 (0.073) | 0.898 (0.077) | 0.865 (0.078) | 0.839 (0.078) | 0.819 (0.079) |
 | 0.5 | 1.001 (0.081) | 0.715 (0.079) | 0.637 (0.079) | 0.579 (0.078) | 0.539 (0.078) |
 | -0.5 | 1.000 (0.080) | 1.286 (0.080) | 1.364 (0.079) | 1.421 (0.079) | 1.462 (0.078) |