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  1. The use of individual patient data (IPD) in network meta-analyses (NMA) is rapidly growing. This study aimed to determine, through simulations, the impact of select factors on the validity and precision of NMA...

    Authors: Steve Kanters, Mohammad Ehsanul Karim, Kristian Thorlund, Aslam Anis and Nick Bansback

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2021 21:21

    Content type: Research article

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  2. Audit and feedback (A&F) interventions are one of the most common approaches for implementing evidence-based practices. A key barrier to more effective A&F interventions is the lack of a theory-guided approach...

    Authors: Heather L. Colquhoun, Kelly Carroll, Kevin W. Eva, Jeremy M. Grimshaw, Noah Ivers, Susan Michie and Jamie C. Brehaut

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2021 21:20

    Content type: Research article

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  3. Retention of participants in cohort studies is a major challenge. A better understanding of all elements involved in participation and attrition phenomena in particular settings is needed to develop effective ...

    Authors: Sandra C. S. Marques, Julia Doetsch, Georgia Abate, Anne Brødsgaard, Grazia Colombo, Marina Cuttini, Pernille Pedersen and Henrique Barros

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2021 21:19

    Content type: Research article

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  4. Semi-competing risks arise when interest lies in the time-to-event for some non-terminal event, the observation of which is subject to some terminal event. One approach to assessing the impact of covariates on...

    Authors: Catherine Lee, Paola Gilsanz and Sebastien Haneuse

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2021 21:18

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Recurrent episodes of pneumonia are frequently modeled using extensions of the Cox proportional hazards model with the underlying assumption of time-constant relative risks measured by the hazard ratio. We aim...

    Authors: Jordache Ramjith, Kit C.B. Roes, Heather J. Zar and Marianne A. Jonker

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2021 21:17

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Multi-state models are being increasingly used to capture complex disease pathways. The convenient formula of the exponential multi-state model can facilitate a quick and accessible understanding of the data. ...

    Authors: Micki Hill, Paul C. Lambert and Michael J. Crowther

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2021 21:16

    Content type: Research article

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  7. The rising burden of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in South Africa has motivated the application of modeling strategies to predict the COVID-19 cases and deaths. Reliable and accurate short and long-term forec...

    Authors: Tarylee Reddy, Ziv Shkedy, Charl Janse van Rensburg, Henry Mwambi, Pravesh Debba, Khangelani Zuma and Samuel Manda

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2021 21:15

    Content type: Research article

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  8. As cancer treatment, biotherapies can be as effective as chemotherapy while reducing the risk of secondary effects, so that they can be taken over longer periods than conventional chemotherapy. Thus, some tria...

    Authors: Adrien Guilloteau, Michal Abrahamowicz, Olayide Boussari, Valérie Jooste, Thomas Aparicio, Catherine Quantin, Karine Le Malicot and Christine Binquet

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2021 21:14

    Content type: Research article

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  9. Missing data are common in end-of-life care studies, but there is still relatively little exploration of which is the best method to deal with them, and, in particular, if the missing at random (MAR) assumptio...

    Authors: Giulia Carreras, Guido Miccinesi, Andrew Wilcock, Nancy Preston, Daan Nieboer, Luc Deliens, Mogensm Groenvold, Urska Lunder, Agnes van der Heide and Michela Baccini

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2021 21:13

    Content type: Research article

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  10. Trials with binary outcomes can be synthesised using within-trial exact likelihood or approximate normal likelihood in one-stage or two-stage approaches, respectively. The performance of the one-stage and the ...

    Authors: Loukia M. Spineli, Katerina Papadimitropoulou and Chrysostomos Kalyvas

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2021 21:12

    Content type: Research article

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  12. As the development of core outcome sets (COS) increases, guidance for developing and reporting high-quality COS continues to evolve; however, a number of methodological uncertainties still remain. The objectiv...

    Authors: Alexandria Remus, Valerie Smith and Francesca Wuytack

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2021 21:10

    Content type: Research article

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  13. Multivariable prediction models are important statistical tools for providing synthetic diagnosis and prognostic algorithms based on patients’ multiple characteristics. Their apparent measures for predictive a...

    Authors: Katsuhiro Iba, Tomohiro Shinozaki, Kazushi Maruo and Hisashi Noma

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2021 21:9

    Content type: Research article

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  14. In increasingly ageing populations, there is an emergent need to develop a robust prediction model for estimating an individual absolute risk for all-cause mortality, so that relevant assessments and intervent...

    Authors: Olesya Ajnakina, Deborah Agbedjro, Ryan McCammon, Jessica Faul, Robin M. Murray, Daniel Stahl and Andrew Steptoe

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2021 21:8

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Although human longevity tends to cluster within families, genetic studies on longevity have had limited success in identifying longevity loci. One of the main causes of this limited success is the selection o...

    Authors: Mar Rodríguez-Girondo, Niels van den Berg, Michel H. Hof, Marian Beekman and Eline Slagboom

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2021 21:7

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Genital warts are a common and highly contagious sexually transmitted disease. They have a large economic burden and affect several aspects of quality of life. Incidence data underestimate the real occurrence ...

    Authors: David Moriña, Amanda Fernández-Fontelo, Alejandra Cabaña, Pedro Puig, Laura Monfil, Maria Brotons and Mireia Diaz

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2021 21:6

    Content type: Research article

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  17. Questionnaires used in longitudinal studies may have questions added or removed over time for numerous reasons. Data missing completely at a follow-up survey is a unique issue for longitudinal studies. While s...

    Authors: Claire A. Kolaja, Ben Porter, Teresa M. Powell and Rudolph P. Rull

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2021 21:5

    Content type: Research article

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  18. There is a growing interest in assessment of the quality of hospital care, based on outcome measures. Many quality of care comparisons rely on binary outcomes, for example mortality rates. Due to low numbers, ...

    Authors: I. E. Ceyisakar, N. van Leeuwen, Diederik W. J. Dippel, Ewout W. Steyerberg and H. F. Lingsma

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2021 21:4

    Content type: Research article

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  20. Time-series analysis with case-only data is a prominent method for the effect of environmental determinants on disease events in environmental epidemiology. In this analysis, adjustment for seasonality and lon...

    Authors: Honghyok Kim, Jong-Tae Lee, Kelvin C. Fong and Michelle L. Bell

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2021 21:2

    Content type: Research article

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  21. Since the start of the COVID-19 outbreak, a large number of COVID-19-related papers have been published. However, concerns about the risk of expedited science have been raised. We aimed at reviewing and catego...

    Authors: Marc Raynaud, Huanxi Zhang, Kevin Louis, Valentin Goutaudier, Jiali Wang, Quentin Dubourg, Yongcheng Wei, Zeynep Demir, Charlotte Debiais, Olivier Aubert, Yassine Bouatou, Carmen Lefaucheur, Patricia Jabre, Longshan Liu, Changxi Wang, Xavier Jouven…

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2021 21:1

    Content type: Research article

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  22. Long-term effectiveness of asthma control medication has been shown in clinical trials but results from observational studies with children and adolescents are lacking. Marginal structural models estimated usi...

    Authors: Carolin Veit, Ronald Herrera, Gudrun Weinmayr, Jon Genuneit, Doris Windstetter, Christian Vogelberg, Erika von Mutius, Dennis Nowak, Katja Radon, Jessica Gerlich and Tobias Weinmann

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:307

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Although a variety of instruments are available that capture stress experience, the assessment of chronic stress has been hindered by the lack of economical screening instruments. Recently, an English-language...

    Authors: K. Petrowski, E. Braehler, B. Schmalbach, A. Hinz, C. Bastianon and T. Ritz

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:306

    Content type: Research article

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  24. In most countries, the official statistics for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) take account of in-hospital deaths but not those that occur at home. The study’s objective was to introduce a methodology ...

    Authors: Hervé Hubert, Valentine Baert, Jean-Baptiste Beuscart and Emmanuel Chazard

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:305

    Content type: Research article

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  25. To assess the agreement of continuous measurements between a number of observers, Jones et al. introduced limits of agreement with the mean (LOAM) for multiple observers, representing how much an individual ob...

    Authors: Heidi S. Christensen, Jens Borgbjerg, Lars Børty and Martin Bøgsted

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:304

    Content type: Technical advance

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  26. Records of medication prescriptions can be used in conjunction with pharmacy dispensing records to investigate the incidence of adherence, which is defined as observing the treatment plans agreed between a patien...

    Authors: Holly Tibble, James Lay-Flurrie, Aziz Sheikh, Rob Horne, Mehrdad A. Mizani and Athanasios Tsanas

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:303

    Content type: Research article

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  27. Social-environmental data obtained from the US Census is an important resource for understanding health disparities, but rarely is the full dataset utilized for analysis. A barrier to incorporating the full da...

    Authors: Elizabeth Handorf, Yinuo Yin, Michael Slifker and Shannon Lynch

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:302

    Content type: Research article

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  28. Qualitative methods offer a unique contribution to health research. Academic dissertations in the medical field provide an opportunity to explore research practice. Our aim was to assess the use of qualitative...

    Authors: Charlotte Ullrich, Anna Stürmlinger, Michel Wensing and Katja Krug

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:301

    Content type: Research article

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  29. Typically, subgroup analyses in clinical trials are conducted by comparing the intervention effect in each subgroup by means of an interaction test. However, trials are rarely, if ever, adequately powered for ...

    Authors: Russell Thirard, Raimondo Ascione, Jane M. Blazeby and Chris A. Rogers

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:300

    Content type: Technical advance

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  30. Precise predictions of incidence and mortality rates due to breast cancer (BC) are required for planning of public health programs as well as for clinical services. A number of approaches has been established ...

    Authors: Sumaira Mubarik, Ying Hu and Chuanhua Yu

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:299

    Content type: Research article

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  31. In recent months, multiple efforts have sought to characterize COVID-19 social distancing policy responses. These efforts have used various coding frameworks, but many have relied on coding methodologies that ...

    Authors: Jeff Lane, Michelle M. Garrison, James Kelley, Priya Sarma and Aaron Katz

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:298

    Content type: Research article

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  32. Administrative databases offer vast amounts of data that provide opportunities for cost-effective insights. They simultaneously pose significant challenges to statistical analysis such as the redaction of data...

    Authors: Rhonda J. Rosychuk, Jeff W.N. Bachman, Anqi Chen and X. Joan Hu

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:297

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  33. Even though investigating predictors of intervention success (e.g Cognitive Training, CT) is gaining more and more interest in the light of an individualized medicine, results on specific predictors of interve...

    Authors: André Mattes and Mandy Roheger

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:296

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  35. Multiple longitudinal responses together with time-to-event outcome are common in biomedical studies. There are several instances where the longitudinal responses are correlated with each other and at the same...

    Authors: Wondwosen Kassahun-Yimer, Karen A. Valle, Adebamike A. Oshunbade, Michael E. Hall, Yuan-I. Min, Loretta Cain-Shields, Pramod Anugu and Adolfo Correa

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:294

    Content type: Research article

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  36. Scores on an outcome measurement instrument depend on the type and settings of the instrument used, how instructions are given to patients, how professionals administer and score the instrument, etc. The impac...

    Authors: L. B. Mokkink, M. Boers, C. P. M. van der Vleuten, L. M. Bouter, J. Alonso, D. L. Patrick, H. C. W. de Vet and C. B. Terwee

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:293

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  37. Accurate forecasting model for under-five mortality rate (U5MR) is essential for policy actions and planning. While studies have used traditional time series modeling techniques (e.g., autoregressive integrate...

    Authors: Daniel Adedayo Adeyinka and Nazeem Muhajarine

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:292

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  38. Shannon’s index is one of the measures of biodiversity, which is intended to quantify both richness and evenness of the species/individuals in the ecosystem or community. However, application of Shannon’s inde...

    Authors: Vivek Verma, Ashwani Kumar Mishra, Anju Dhawan and Dilip C. Nath

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:291

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  39. Bariatric surgery may lead to symptomatic postprandial hypoglycaemia as a major side effect without established therapy so far. We aimed to develop an evidence-based study design of a clinical trial that tests...

    Authors: Matthias Hepprich, Marc Y. Donath and Lars G. Hemkens

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:290

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  40. A downwards secular trend in the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in England was identified through previous work and the literature. Risk prediction models for primary prevention of CVD do not model ...

    Authors: Alexander Pate, Tjeerd van Staa and Richard Emsley

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:289

    Content type: Research article

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  41. Statistical methods for the analysis of harm outcomes in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are rarely used, and there is a reliance on simple approaches to display information such as in frequency tables. We...

    Authors: Rachel Phillips, Odile Sauzet and Victoria Cornelius

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:288

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  42. The quality of data obtained through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) is highly dependent on appropriate design and facilitation. In low-income settings steep power gradients between researcher and participants,...

    Authors: Pauline F. D. Scheelbeek, Yashua A. Hamza, Joanna Schellenberg and Zelee Hill

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:287

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  43. Systematic reviews allow health decisions to be informed by the best available research evidence. However, their number is proliferating quickly, and many skills are required to identify all the relevant revie...

    Authors: Gabriel Rada, Daniel Pérez, Felipe Araya-Quintanilla, Camila Ávila, Gonzalo Bravo-Soto, Rocío Bravo-Jeria, Aldo Cánepa, Daniel Capurro, Victoria Castro-Gutiérrez, Valeria Contreras, Javiera Edwards, Jorge Faúndez, Damián Garrido, Magdalena Jiménez, Valentina Llovet, Diego Lobos…

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:286

    Content type: Database

    Published on:

  44. This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1186/s12874-020-01166-w.

    Authors: Bjarne Schmalbach, Andreas Kalkbrenner, Markus Bassler, Andreas Hinz and Katja Petrowski

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:285

    Content type: Retraction Note

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:87

  45. Assessing benefits and harms of health interventions is resource-intensive and often requires feasibility and pilot trials followed by adequately powered randomised clinical trials. Data from feasibility and p...

    Authors: Ravinder Claire, Christian Gluud, Ivan Berlin, Tim Coleman and Jo Leonardi-Bee

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:284

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  46. People who inject drugs (PWID) have been identified as frequent users of emergency department (ED) and hospital inpatient services. The specific challenges of record linkage in cohorts with numerous administra...

    Authors: Rehana Di Rico, Dhanya Nambiar, Belinda Gabbe, Mark Stoové and Paul Dietze

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:283

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  47. One of the Sustainable Development Goals is to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030. In South Africa, the flagship National Department of Health MomConnect...

    Authors: Eveline M Kabongo, Ferdinand C. Mukumbang, Peter Delobelle and Edward Nicol

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:282

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  48. There is little consensus on how to sample hospitalizations and analyze multiple variables to model readmission risk. The purpose of this study was to compare readmission rates and the accuracy of predictive m...

    Authors: Huaqing Zhao, Samuel Tanner, Sherita H. Golden, Susan G. Fisher and Daniel J. Rubin

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:281

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  50. We consider the design of stepped wedge trials with continuous recruitment and continuous outcome measures. Suppose we recruit from a fixed number of clusters where eligible participants present continuously, ...

    Authors: Richard Hooper, Jessica Kasza and Andrew Forbes

    Citation: BMC Medical Research Methodology 2020 20:279

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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