Fig. 3From: The alarming problems of confounding equivalence using logistic regression models in the perspective of causal diagramsScenario 2 (Fig. 1b), simulation results of the bias (a and b) and standard error (c and d) of c-equivalence sets A 1 ≈ A 2 ≈ A 3 when varied across the log transformed odds ratio effect of T on Y and W on Y Back to article page