Cross-cultural adaptation of the Pain Medication Questionnaire for use in Brazil

Galindo, Sheila Raposo; da Nóbrega Marinho, Manoel Henrique; Gatchel, Robert J.; de Paula Santana da Silva, Tatiana; Viana, Eduardo Henrique Soares; Vasconcelos, Selene Cordeiro; da Costa Lima, Murilo Duarte

doi:10.1186/s12874-019-0821-x

BMC Medical Research Methodology

Table 4 Spearman’s correlation and Cronbach’s alpha of each item with the PMQ score (between the 23 and 26 items)

From: Cross-cultural adaptation of the Pain Medication Questionnaire for use in Brazil

Items	Correlation (23)	Alpha if the item was not detected (26)	Alpha if the item was detected (23)	Increase (%)
P1 - I believe I am receiving enough medication to relieve my pain.^b	0.802^a	0.516	0.641	19.50%
P2 - My doctor spends enough time talking to me about my pain medication during appointments. ^b	−0.072	0.651	0.736	11.55%
P3 - I believe I would feel better with a higher dosage of my pain medication.	0.653^a	0.576	0.687	16.16%
P4 - In the past, I have had some difficulty getting the medication I need from my doctor(s).	0.348^a	0.615	0.717	14.23%
P7 –Family members seem to think that I may be too dependent on my pain medication.	0.485^a	0.581	0.686	15.31%
P9 - At times, I take pain medication when I feel anxious and sad, or when I need help sleeping.	0.370^a	0.585	0.69	15.22%
P10 – At times, I drink alcohol to help control my pain.	0.284	0.605	0.703	13.94%
P11 – My pain medication makes it hard for me to think clearly sometimes.	0.308	0.597	0.693	13.85%
P12 – I find it necessary to go to the emergency room to get treatment for my pain.	0.586^a	0.582	0.685	15.04%
P13 – My pain medication makes me nauseated and constipated sometimes.	0.1	0.627	0.719	12.80%
P14 – At times, I need to borrow pain medication from friends or family to get relief.	0.387^a	0.582	0.686	15.16%
P15 – I get pain medication from more than one doctor in order to have enough medication for my pain.	0.534^a	0.581	0.687	15.43%
P16 – At times, I think I may be too dependent on my pain medication.	0.434^a	0.578	0.687	15.87%
P17 – To help me out, family members have obtained pain medications for me from their own doctors.	0.443^a	0.581	0.687	15.43%
P18 – At times, I need to take pain medication more often than it is prescribed in order to relieve my pain.	0.492^a	0.557	0.672	17.11%
P19 – I save my unused pain medication I have in case I need it later.	−0.132	0.629	0.723	13.00%
P20 – I find it helpful to call my doctor or clinic to talk about how my pain medication is working.	0.177	0.598	0.702	14.81%
P21 – At times, I run out of pain medication early and have to call my doctor for refills.	0.566^a	0.568	0.679	16.35%
P22 – I find it useful to take additional medications (such as sedatives) to help my pain medication work better.	0.142	0.602	0.713	15.57%
P23 – How many painful conditions (injured body parts or illnesses) do you have?	0.075	0.623	0.721	13.59%
P24 – How many times in the past year have you asked your doctor to increase your prescribed dosage of pain medication in order to get relief?	0.326^a	0.594	0.699	15.02%
P25 – How many times in the past year have you run out of pain medication early and had to request an early refill?	0.623^a	0.549	0.666	17.57%
P26 – How many times in the past year have you accidentally misplaced your prescription for pain medication and had to ask for another?	0.418^a	0.59	0.692	14.74%

Source: the authors
^aStatistically different from zero
^bThe scale scores were inverted

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ISSN: 1471-2288

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