Table 3 Statements of confounding in studies assessing the impact of alcohol on ischemic heart disease
Question | |
|---|---|
No. (%, 95 Confidence Interval) | |
Total | 87 (100) |
Term “Confounding” mentioned in Abstract or Discussion | |
Specific | 56 (64.4, 54.0–74.7) |
Alluded | 18 (20.7, 12.6–29.9) |
No | 13 (14.9, 8.0–23.0) |
Term “Bias” used in Abstract or Discussion | |
Yes | 50 (57.5, 47.1–67.8) |
No | 37 (42.5, 32.2–52.9) |
Specific mention of non-adjusted confounders | |
Yes | 26 (29.9, 20.7–40.2) |
Not measured | 16 (61.5 42.3–80.8) |
Other reasons | 5 (19.2, 3.8–34.6) |
No reasons | 5 (19.2, 3.8–34.6) |
No | 61 (70.1, 59.8–79.3) |
Any mention that findings may be affected by confounding? | |
Likely | 1 (1.2, 0.0–3.4) |
Possibly | 28 (32.2, 23.0–42.5) |
Unlikely | 15 (17.2, 9.2–25.3) |
No statement | 43 (49.4 39.1–59.8) |
Cautious interpretation needed | |
Yes | 5 (5.7, 1.1–11.5) |
No statement | 82 (94.3, 88.5–98.9) |
Conclusions include any limitations regarding confounding | |
Yes | 9 (10.3, 4.6–17.2) |
No | 78 (89.7, 82.8–95.4) |