Fig. 1

An illustrative example for the (weighted) mean differences of all covariates between quasi-rerandomization (QReR) and rerandomization (ReR) with \(p_a=0.1, 0.5, 1\). The boxplots are based on 1000 acceptable ReR allocations \(\widetilde{\varvec{T}}\) and transformed weights \(\widetilde{\varvec{W}}\) under a simulated dataset from Scenario 1 with \(r=N_0/N_1=2\)