Table 4 Risk of bias domains

RCT

Participant allocation

Recruitment of participants without random allocation

Bias in randomization Process

Intervention/Treatment

Investigators aware of the allocation

Bias in deviation from interventions

NRSI

Participants

Exclusion of some eligible participants

Bias in participant selection

Intervention

Multiple prognostic variables affect intervention

Incomplete intervention information

Bias due to Confounding

Bias in intervention classification

Both RCT and NRSI

Measuring outcome

Loss of participants in follow up

Outcome raters not blind to interventions

Bias from missing outcome data

Bias in measurement of outcomes

Reporting

All the results are not reported

Bias from selective reporting

Bias from non-reporting outcomes