Overall | Group 1: Low Pain-Related Facilitators n = 106 | Group 2: High Motivation and Interest n = 112 | Group 3: Low Behavior Reduction Outcome Preference n = 128 | Group 4: High Pain-Related Facilitators, Low Social Motives n = 66 | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
One-time survey online | 3.98 (1.07) | 3.03 (0.90)a | 4.21 (0.92)b | 4.27 (0.96)bc | 4.55 (0.75)c | < 0.001 |
One-time survey on paper | 3.44 (1.27) | 2.76 (1.05)a | 3.19 (1.28)b | 3.85 (1.16)c | 4.15 (1.14)c | < 0.001 |
Multiple surveys over time | 3.49 (1.20) | 3.05 (0.95)a | 3.28 (1.24)a | 3.69 (1.21)b | 4.15 (1.09)c | < 0.001 |
One-time in-person visit | 3.06 (1.24) | 2.81 (1.02)a | 2.81 (1.26)a | 3.13 (1.31)a | 3.74 (1.14)b | < 0.001 |
Multiple in-person visits | 2.67 (1.23) | 2.75 (0.96) | 2.43 (1.34) | 2.57 (1.29) | 3.12 (1.22) | 0.001 |
Some mild discomfort (such as putting your hand in cold water) | 3.17 (1.14) | 2.89 (0.88)a | 2.92 (1.16)a | 3.34 (1.19)b | 3.71 (1.17)b | < 0.001 |
Taking pictures of your brain (such as with MRI) | 3.01 (1.24) | 2.76 (0.92)a | 2.78 (1.26)ab | 3.16 (1.28)bc | 3.55 (1.37)c | < 0.001 |
Medication | 2.82 (1.10) | 2.93 (0.97) | 2.80 (1.01) | 2.70 (1.13) | 2.94 (1.36) | 0.300 |
Interventions that target behavior such as increasing activity levels, meditation, etc. | 3.33 (1.00) | 2.96 (0.76)a | 3.36 (0.97)b | 3.31 (1.09)b | 3.89 (0.99)c | < 0.001 |
Alternative treatments, like acupuncture | 3.41 (1.08) | 3.05 (0.77)a | 3.52 (1.04)bc | 3.34 (1.23)ab | 3.92 (1.07)c | < 0.001 |